Gaussian statistics as an emergent symmetry of the stochastic scalar Burgers equation

Symmetries play a conspicuous role in the large-scale behavior of critical systems. In equilibrium they allow us to classify asymptotics into different universality classes, and out of equilibrium, they sometimes emerge as collective properties which are not explicit in the "bare" interactions. Here we elucidate the emergence of an up-down symmetry in the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic scalar Burgers equation in one and two dimensions, manifested by the occurrence of Gaussian fluctuations even within the time regime controlled by nonlinearities. This robustness of Gaussian behavior contradicts naive expectations due to the detailed relation-including the lack of up-down symmetry-between the Burgers equation and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, which paradigmatically displays non-Gaussian fluctuations described by Tracy-Widom distributions. We reach our conclusions via a dynamic renormalization group study of the field statistics, confirmed by direct evaluation of the field probability distribution function from numerical simulations of the dynamical equation.We acknowledge valuable comments by M. Castro, J. Krug, and P. Rodríguez-López and funding from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Spain and European Union) through Grant No. FIS2015- 66020-C2-1-P. E.R.-F. acknowledges financial support from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain) through Formación del Profesorado Universitario scholarship No. FPU16/06304

Non-KPZ fluctuations in the derivative of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation or noisy Burgers equation

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is a paradigmatic model of nonequilibrium low-dimensional systems with spatiotemporal scale invariance, recently highlighting universal behavior in fluctuation statistics. Its space derivative, namely the noisy Burgers equation, has played a very important role in its study, predating the formulation of the KPZ equation proper, and being frequently held as an equivalent system. We show that, while differences in the scaling exponents for the two equations are indeed due to a mere space derivative, the field statistics behave in a remarkably different way: while the KPZ equation follows the Tracy-Widom distribution, its derivative displays Gaussian behavior, hence being in a different universality class. We reach this conclusion via direct numerical simulations of the equations, supported by a dynamic renormalization group study of field statistics.We acknowledge valuable comments by B. G. Barreales, M. Castro, J. Krug, P. Rodríguez-López, and J. J. Ruiz-Lorenzo. This work has been supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Spain and European Union) through Grants No. FIS2015-66020-C2-1-P and No. PGC2018-094763-B-I00. E.R.-F. also acknowledges financial support from Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain) through Formación del Profesorado Universitario sco-larship No. FPU16/06304

Transition between chaotic and stochastic universality classes of kinetic roughening

The dynamics of nonequilibrium spatially extended systems are often dominated by fluctuations, e.g., due to deterministic chaos or intrinsic stochasticity. This reflects into generic scale invariant or kinetic roughening behavior that can be classified into universality classes defined by critical exponent values and by the probability distribution function (PDF) of field fluctuations. Suitable geometrical constraints are known to change secondary features of the PDF while keeping the values of the exponents unchanged, inducing universality subclasses. Working on the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation as a paradigm of spatiotemporal chaos, we show that the physical nature of the prevailing fluctuations (chaotic or stochastic) can also change the universality class while respecting the exponent values, as the PDF is substantially altered. This transition takes place at a nonzero value of the stochastic noise amplitude and may be suitable for experimental verification.This work has been supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Spain and European Union) through Grant No. PGC2018-094763-B-I00. E.R.-F. also acknowledges financial support by Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain) through Formación del Profesorado Universitario Scholarship No. FPU16/06304

Managerialism and fiction, or the fiction of managerialism: From Ayn Rand to novels for executives

The aim of management books is to propagate new theories in the field among company executives. Such publications are one of the pillars of managerialism. Perhaps the oddest manifestation of the phenomenon is novels focussing on senior executives heroically battling for business excellence through the application of a managerial technique. In this paper, we put this curious, rarely-explored literary genre under the spotlight. We not only analyse the salient features of such literature and its main ingredients but also highlight the major stylistic influence of Ayn Rand's works. The novels of this influential neo-Liberal writer foreshadowed the new narrative form.Los libros sobre management tienen como objetivo propagar nuevas teorías de gestión entre los directivos y ejecutivos de las empresas, y representa uno de los pilares del gerencialismo. Una de sus manifestaciones más peculiares es la ficción, esto es, novelas que se centran en historias de profesionales de corporaciones en las que estos tratan de alcanzar la excelencia en los negocios mediante una técnica gerencial. Este artículo se centra en este género literario peculiar y poco explorado. Se analizan sus características y se describen sus elementos más significativos, además de destacar la importante influencia estilística de las novelas de la escritora neoliberal Ayn Rand, auténtica precursora de este tipo de narrativ

Debt and sacrifice: the role of scapegoats in the economic crises

Despite the process of secularization and modernization, in contemporary societies, the role of sacrifice is still relevant. One of the spaces where sacrifice actually performs a critical role is the realm of modern economy, particularly in the event of a financial crisis. Such crises represent situations defined by an outrageous symbolic violence in which social and economic relations experience drastic transformations, and their victims end up suffering personal bankruptcy, indebt-edness, lower standards of living or poverty. Crises show the flagrant domination present in social relations: this is proven in the way crises evolve, when more and more social groups marred by a growing vulnerability are sacrificed to appease financial markets. Inspired by the theoretical framework of the French anthropologist René Girard, our intention is to explore how the hegemonic nar-rative about the crisis has been developed, highlighting its sacrificial aspects.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grant number PGC2018-097200-B-I00

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Biopolitical devices of social integration: The business of education for the poor

Los programas de ingresos mínimos son actuaciones públicas esenciales en la lucha contra la pobreza en la Unión Europa. En este artículo pretendemos mostrar las características de las políticas de ingresos mínimos de lucha contra la pobreza y de las actuaciones formativas vinculadas a ellas en el caso de España. Partiendo de una estrategia analítica basada en los planteamientos de Michel Foucault, analizamos los discursos hegemónicos en estos programas de ingresos mínimos: el discurso social-liberal y el discurso neoliberal. Para ello utilizamos las nociones de racionalidad política y de la sintomatología social. A través de este análisis discursivo encontramos que, en las actuaciones de lucha contra la exclusión social, la educación se configura como una inversión individual para el fomento de la empleabilidad, como un elemento para reivindicar la responsabilidad individual del sujeto en su propio proceso de integración social y como un espacio susceptible de rentabilidad económica mediante su configuración como un cuasimercado educativo. A su vez, y este es uno de los principales resultados de este trabajo, se identifica un emergente discurso hegemónico en la lucha contra la pobreza. Un discurso fruto de la hibridación de los discursos social y neoliberal, que hemos denominado Educación como “santa neocruzada” contra la pobrezaThe minimum income programs are essential public actions in the fight against poverty in the European Union. In this article, we intend to show the characteristics of the minimum income policies for the fight against poverty and the training activities linked to them in the case of Spain. Starting from an analytical strategy based on the approaches of Michel Foucault, we analyze the hegemonic discourses in these minimum income programs: the social-liberal discourse and the neoliberal discourse. For this we use the notions of political rationality and the social symptomatology. Through this discursive analysis we find that, in the actions of struggle against social exclusion, education is configured as an individual investment for the promotion of employability, as an element to claim the individual responsibility of the subject in its own integration process social and as a space susceptible of economic profitability through its configuration as an educational quasi-market. In turn, and this is one of the main results of this work, an emergent hegemonic discourse is identified in the fight against poverty. A discourse resulting from the hybridization of social and neoliberal discourses, which we have called Education as a "neo-crippled saint" against povert

A hydrated ion model of [UO2]2+ in water: Structure, dynamics, and spectroscopy from classical molecular dynamics

A new ab initio interaction potential based on the hydrated ion concept has been developed to obtain the structure, energetics, and dynamics of the hydration of uranyl in aqueous solution. It is the first force field that explicitly parameterizes the interaction of the uranyl hydrate with bulk water molecules to accurately define the second-shell behavior. The [UO2(H2O)5 ] 2+ presents a first hydration shell U–O average distance of 2.46 Å and a second hydration shell peak at 4.61 Å corresponding to 22 molecules using a coordination number definition based on a multisite solute cavity. The second shell solvent molecules have longer mean residence times than those corresponding to the divalent monatomic cations. The axial regions are relatively de-populated, lacking direct hydrogen bonding to apical oxygens. Angle-solved radial distribution functions as well as the spatial distribution functions show a strong anisotropy in the ion hydration. The [UO2(H2O)5 ] 2+ solvent structure may be regarded as a combination of a conventional second hydration shell in the equatorial and bridge regions, and a clathrate-like low density region in the axial region. Translational diffusion coefficient, hydration enthalpy, power spectra of the main vibrational modes, and the EXAFS spectrum simulated from molecular dynamics trajectories agree fairly well with the experiment.Junta de Andalucía de España, Proyecto de Excelencia-P11-FQM 760

A general study of actinyl hydration by molecular dynamics simulations using ab initio force fields

A set of new ab initio force fields for aqueous [AnO2] 2+/+ (An = Np(VI,V), Pu(VI), Am(VI)) has been developed using the Hydrated Ion (HI) model methodology previously used for [UO2] 2+. Except for the non-electrostatic contribution of the HI-bulk water interaction, the interaction potentials are individually parameterized. Translational diffusion coefficients, hydration enthalpies, and vibrational normal mode frequencies were calculated from the MD simulations. Physico-chemical properties satisfactorily agree with experiments validating the robustness of the force field strategy. The solvation dynamics and structure for all hexavalent actinoids are extremely similar and resemble our previous analysis of the uranyl cation. This supports the idea of using the uranyl cation as a reference for the study of other minor actinyls. The comparison between the NpO2+ 2 and NpO+ 2 hydration only provides significant differences in first and second shell distances and second-shell mean residence times. We propose a single general view of the [AnO2] 2+/+ hydration structure: aqueous actinyls are amphiphilic anisotropic solutes which are equatorially conventional spherically symmetric cations capped at the poles by clathrate-like water structures.Junta de Andalucía de España, Plan Andaluz de Investigación-FQM-28